Classification of wall panel materials - prefabricated large panel structures

The prefabricated large panel structure is a highly industrialized building structure system developed after World War II, which is composed of prefabricated concrete wall panels and floor slabs. The main advantage is that it can be commercialized for production, with high on-site construction efficiency, low labor intensity, light self weight, and better structural strength and deformation ability than hybrid structures. But the cost is relatively high, requiring large transportation and lifting machinery, and the layout is not flexible enough. Wall panels are divided into inner wall panels and outer wall panels according to building functions. The inner wall panel is mainly used as a load-bearing component, made of a single material. External wall panels are generally non load-bearing and have functions such as insulation, insulation, and waterproofing. Their construction is relatively complex, and some use multiple materials to make composite wall panels. Wall panels are divided into concrete hollow wall panels, solid wall panels, lightweight aggregate concrete wall panels, industrial waste concrete wall panels, vibrating brick wall panels, etc. according to the different materials used. The connection structure of prefabricated large plate structure is the key to whether a house can fully exert its strength, ensure necessary stiffness, and overall spatial performance. Methods for strengthening connections:
① Weld the steel bars protruding from the upper and lower wall panels and adjacent floor slabs;
② The walls and floors are equipped with slots on all four sides to increase the ability of joints to transmit shear force;
③ Pour the joint into a whole with concrete. There is also a method of connecting the floor and wall panels as a whole by adding vertical prestressing force inside the wall.
Internal force calculation: Strength calculations should be conducted for wall panels, floor slabs, and their joints under vertical and horizontal loads. Internal force analysis of walls: When subjected to vertical loads and out of plane horizontal loads, the wall is calculated as a vertical component supported by fixed hinges at both ends on the roof, floor, and foundation; When subjected to horizontal loads in the plane, the wall is calculated as a vertical cantilever structure embedded in the foundation, taking into account the influence of the joint work of longitudinal and transverse walls and the size of wall openings.